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  pdftitle={Understanding Energy},
  pdfauthor={Ivo Welch},
  hidelinks,
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
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\title{Understanding Energy}
\subtitle{I'm not used to girls being that quiet unless they're
medicated. Normally I go out with girls who talk so much you could hook
them up to a wind turbine and they could power a small New Hampshire
town. --- Adrian.}
\author{Ivo Welch}
\date{December 31, 2021}

\usepackage{/Users/ivo/.pandoc/templates/pandoc-preamble} %% iaw; will in turn include local directory file pandoc.sty

\begin{document}
\frame{\titlepage}

\begin{frame}{More Energy}
\protect\hypertarget{more-energy}{}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Magnitudes}
\protect\hypertarget{magnitudes}{}
\begin{itemize}
\item
  What magnitudes are we talking about?
\item
  Without magnitudes, you have only platitudes.
\item
  Everything in this course is \textbf{huge}.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power}
\protect\hypertarget{power}{}
\begin{itemize}
\item
  Power: Lifting weight at specific rate.
\item
  Boffins measure power in \textbf{Watts}.

  \begin{itemize}
  \item
    1 Joule per second = 1 Watt
  \item
    1 horsepower is 0.75 Kilo-Watts.
  \end{itemize}
\item
  We have to operate in huge numbers:

  \begin{itemize}
  \item
    Metric system: K, M, G, T, P.
  \item
    P = 1,000 trillion = 1 million million.
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power Estimates}
\protect\hypertarget{power-estimates}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.7067}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2933}}@{}}
\toprule()
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Activity
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Watts
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Lifting 1 kg at rate of 1m/10secs & 1W \\
Light bulb, 800 lmn, LED & 10W \\
~~ Incandescent 800 lmn & 60W \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power Estimates}
\protect\hypertarget{power-estimates-1}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.7067}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2933}}@{}}
\toprule()
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Activity
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Watts
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Human & \\
~~ at rest (metabolism) & 100W \\
~~ cycling (metabolism) & 600W \\
~~ ~~ output at pedals & 150W \\
& \\
Car engine, 100hp, max power output & 75,000W \\
~~ 65mph, typical power & 15,000W \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power Estimates (Peak)}
\protect\hypertarget{power-estimates-peak}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.7067}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2933}}@{}}
\toprule()
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Activity
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Watts
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Solar Power, \textbf{per sqm} & 1,360W \\
~~ Ground, per sqm & 1,000W \\
~~ Solar Cell, per sqm & 150W \\
& \\
Typ Roof Solar & 6,000W \\
Typ 50m Wind Turbine & 2,500,000W \\
Typ Coal Plant & 600,000,000W \\
Typ Nuclear Plant & 1,500,000,000W \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power Estimates (Activity)}
\protect\hypertarget{power-estimates-activity}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.7067}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2933}}@{}}
\toprule()
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Activity
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Watts
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Bitcoin Mining, 2020 & 7,000,000,000W \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Power Estimates}
\protect\hypertarget{power-estimates-2}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watts \\
\midrule()
\endhead
USA & \\
~~ Avg US Electric Only & 450,000,000,000W \\
~~ Peak US Electric & 789,480,000,000W \\
~~ Instlld US Electric Power & 1,200,000,000,000W \\
~~ Avg Total Primary & 3,000,000,000,000W \\
World & \\
~~ Avg Global Electricity & 2,600,000,000,000W \\
~~ Avg Global Total Primary & 18,000,000,000,000W \\
All Life (living things) & 130,000,000,000,000W \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Energy}
\protect\hypertarget{energy}{}
\begin{itemize}
\item
  Power applied for time.
\item
  Power is rate is per time. Energy is rate per time multiplied by time.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
We will use (Kilo)\textbf{Watt-hours} for energy.

\begin{itemize}
\item
  There are \emph{many} other energy measures

  \begin{itemize}
  \tightlist
  \item
    BTU, tonne of oil, barrel of oil, therm, cuft natgas, calories,
    joule, quad\ldots{}
  \end{itemize}
\item
  We have to operate in huge numbers:

  \begin{itemize}
  \tightlist
  \item
    Metric system: K, M, G, T, P.
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{One-Time Use}
\protect\hypertarget{one-time-use}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watt-Hours \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Lift/drop 60 kg meters & 1 Wh \\
LED bulb, 800 lumen, 1h & 10 Wh \\
~~ incandescent, 1h & 60 Wh \\
Cyclist Pedal Output, 1h & 150 Wh \\
Food Diet, 2000 (k)cal, 1day & 2,300 Wh \\
Automobile, 100hp/2, One Commute, 1h & 35,000 Wh \\
Tesla Battery Model 3 & 75,000 Wh \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{One-Day Use (Pppd= Per-Person-Per-Day)}
\protect\hypertarget{one-day-use-pppd-per-person-per-day}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watt-Hours \\
\midrule()
\endhead
pPpD, Africa & 10,000 Wh \\
pPpD, EU & 100,000 Wh \\
pPpD, USA & 200,000 Wh \\
~~~~ pPpD, Electr USA & 30,000 Wh \\
& \\
Roundtrip Flight, LA-FRA, 11h*2 & 10,000,000 Wh \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Typical Yearly Use}
\protect\hypertarget{typical-yearly-use}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watt-Hours \\
\midrule()
\endhead
LED, 800lum, 2h/d & 7,500 Wh \\
60 ``Wall-Warts'' & 189,000 Wh \\
& \\
Air Conditioning & 3,500,000 Wh \\
All Household Elec (US) & 10,600,000 Wh \\
Car Commute, 1h/day & 13,000,000 Wh \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Yearly (8,766 Hours) Generation}
\protect\hypertarget{yearly-8766-hours-generation}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watt-Hours \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Roof Solar, 20 panels & 13,000,000 \\
Typ Wind Turbine & 3,285,000,000 \\
Typ Coal Plant, if 24/7 & 4,380,000,000,000 \\
~~ \ldots{} typ utilized rate & 2,628,000,000,000 \\
Average US Nuclear Plant & 10,000,000,000,000 \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Yearly (8,766 Hours) Consumption}
\protect\hypertarget{yearly-8766-hours-consumption}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}lr@{}}
\toprule()
Activity & Watt-Hours \\
\midrule()
\endhead
Global Bitcoin Mining, 2020 & 67,000,000,000,000 \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Yearly (8,766 Hours) Generation}
\protect\hypertarget{yearly-8766-hours-generation-1}{}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.6471}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\columnwidth - 2\tabcolsep) * \real{0.3529}}@{}}
\toprule()
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Activity
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Watt-Hours
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule()
\endhead
U.S. Electricity & 4,000,000,000,000,000 \\
World Electricity & 23,000,000,000,000,000 \\
U.S. Primary Energy & 26,000,000,000,000,000 \\
World Primary Energy & 165,000,000,000,000,000 \\
\bottomrule()
\end{longtable}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Skip}
\protect\hypertarget{skip}{}
\begin{quote}
165 ``Peta-Wh'' = 165 \emph{million} gigawatt-hours.
\end{quote}

~

\begin{quote}
Careful: read about nominal and nameplate power, as well as primary
energy.
\end{quote}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Us Energy Flows, LLNL}
\protect\hypertarget{us-energy-flows-llnl}{}
\includegraphics{llnl-eflows-compressed.png}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Warning}
\protect\hypertarget{warning}{}
\begin{itemize}
\item
  Understand differences in how power and energy are quoted
\item
  Nameplate, primary, secondary.
\item
  See book.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\end{document}
